The purpose of this study is to determine the Export skills of Export Manufacturing companies in different stages of internationalization. This paper extracts the Export skills from literature and classified them into 6 groups: International finance and risk management skills, International marketing skills, International Strategic management skills, International trade logistics skills, International trade research skills, and International trade regulations skills. Then the importance of each of these Export skills are compared in the five stages of internationalization of companies. The Export Manufacturing companies in the north and northwest of the Iran were selected as the statistical community and 214 companies have participated as the statistical samples to achieve the goals of this paper. Samples were selected using simple random sampling and the research hypotheses were tested through Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the importance of all Export skills except international trade logistics skills is different in the five stages of internationalization.

Regarding the importance and high proportion of Iranian Manufacturing Industries' Export in nonoil Export basket, and their impact on economic growth, it is essential that effective factors on the Manufacturing Industries' Export be investigated. This paper investigates the impact of human capital on the Export of Iranian industries, using a panel data set of 2-digit ISIC Manufacturing industries, over the period 2000-2007.Using the number of workers with higher education degree (as a proxy for human capital), the results show that human capital, Manufacturing value added and nominal exchange rate have positive and significant effects on the Export of the Manufacturing industries. In addition, the domestic demand of Manufacturing goods and terms of trade have significant negative effects on these industries Export. Therefore, any effort to expand the higher education is highly recommended.

There has been a recent development and explosion of interest among academicians across a wide range of disciplines in the use of virtual Class room. Utilization of the virtual class room as a laboratory experimentation for teaching and learning has increased significantly in recent years as development tools for web based applications have become easier to use and computers have become more capable and less expensive. But, does the virtual class-room improve students learning? Herein we describe the results of two experiments conducted on sections of a Manufacturing and Operation Management course [MIME - 3240] at one of the Colleges of Technology in the Sultanate of Oman during fall semester. Two experiments were designed to determine if student learning of Manufacturing and Operation Management course was significantly affected by two treatments: 1) Virtual class room environment for the students of section S2 and 2) Real Class-room environment for students of section S1. The actual final scores of students of section S1 and S2 were compared in order to determine the effectiveness of virtual class room on student learning for the Manufacturing and Operation Management course.In this study Web-based virtual Class room (WVC) is developed to communicate, to share and to disseminate knowledge from the teacher to student. Further, in this study web based tools are also used to create, store, and manage contents of class room instructions and course material.

Human capital and its role in the progress of production have been in the core of attention to the economic literature, Additionally, human capital not only increases numbers of skilled and trained labors, which can lead to a higher rate of productivity, but also provides grater opportunities of economic growth and development. The present paper thus evaluates the effect of promoting higher education on Irans Manufacturing Export supply. To this end, a simultaneous equation system including both endogenous and exogenous variables, particularly higher education as an exogenous variable, is specified in order to make a systematic and theory-based relationship between such variables, Each equation of the model is then estimated by applying the weighted two stage least squares(W2SLS)methodoverthe period 1966- 1999,to examinethe impact of higher education promotion on Irans non-oil Exports, Overall, estimation results obtained look reliable, so that they represent statistically expected significance of equation coefficients available in the system. According to the results obtained, a scenario of 20 percent increase in the value of higher education variable (normally in the fonn of the ratio of all higher educated employees to total employees in the Manufacturing sector) is conducted, and then the relevant model is simulated by the analytic Newton Method. The results reveal an increase of about 16 percent per annum on average in Manufacturing Exports. The implication is that the conduction of such policy on Iranian Export sector can expand structurally its related market.

The present study has examined the effect of Export and import of different classifications of technology on the growth of Iranian Manufacturing industry during the period 1998-2011 based on two models (a & b). Model a tests the effect of high-tech Manufacturing industry on the growth. Then, import of high-tech industry is added to Model b and the effect of Export is evaluated in the presence of import. The findings of Model b indicated that in the presence of import, the Export of high-tech industry has the positive effect on the growth while the effect of such level of technology import is negative. An important principle to achieve a specific level of development in developing countries is that they should consider import of low-tech goods and Export of high tech goods in the early stages of growth. Therefore, since Iran is a developing country, high-tech import could not have a positive effect on growth. Accordingly, the effect of Export, with the presence of import, on growth of low-tech industry was tested and insignificant Export variable revealed that import plays more important role than Export on growth in Iranian low-tech industry.

The aim of this study is to design the model of effective factors on Export performance of sport equipment Manufacturing companies. This is an applied study in terms of type of research and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes all manages of companies producing sport equipment that Export their products to other countries. According to the estimations, there are 72 companies with such characteristics. For sampling purposes, simple random sampling has been used and 60 subjects from the population have been investigated. In this research, two methods of library and field studies (a researcher made questionnaire consisting of 39 items) have been used for data collection. In order to investigate the relationship between variables and data analysis, partial least squares and Smart PALS software have been used. The results of the study showed that market orientation has an impact on marketing capabilities and marketing capabilities have an impact on competitive advantage, innovation capability and Export performance. Moreover, the results also confirmed the impact of competitive advantage and innovation capability on Export performance. Other results confirm the mediating role of marketing capabilities in relation between market orientation and Export performance, as well as the mediating role of competitive advantage and innovation capability in the relation between marketing capabilities and Export performance. The Exporters of sports equipment can improve their Export performance by utilizing the results of this research and recognizing the effective factors on Export performance and strengthening them.